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----------------今天是一年中的第几天,一个月中的第几天!
SELECT trunc(sysdate,'dd') - to_date(to_char(sysdate,'yyyymm')||'01','yyyymmdd') from dual;
SELECT trunc(sysdate,'dd') - to_date(to_char(sysdate,'yyyy')||'0101','yyyymmdd') from dual;--nian
-------------游标实例
declare
Cursor mycursor is
select fullname from zjpii_report.city_config;
a varchar2(64) ;
Begin
open mycursor ;
Loop
Fetch mycursor into a;
Exit when mycursor%notfound;
Dbms_Output.put_line(a);
end loop;
close mycursor;
Exception
when others then
Dbms_Output.put_line(Sqlerrm);
end;
一、oracle的简单应用
to_char(, 'FM990.00')保留两位小数(。00)(FM990)表示前面有一个0.如下列子
--select to_char(1/3,'FM990.00')||'%' from dual--
select to_char(TRIM(' r 334r rr ')) from dual;--去掉两边空格
select to_char(LTRIM(' r 334r rr ')) from dual;--去掉左边空格
select to_char(RTRIM(' r 334r rr ')) from dual;--去掉右边空格
select to_char(TRIM('0' from '00989760000')) from dual; --去掉所有的r
decode函数,相当于if、、else
select decode(instr(to_char(1/3), '0.'), 0, '0'||to_char(1/3)) from dual;
DECLARE
IDS VARCHAR(8000);
BEGIN
IDS := '给变量赋值';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(IDS);
END;
--一个if。。else 的应用!
set serveroutput on
declare
cj number;
begin
select avg(成绩字段) into cj from table_name;
if cj > 75 then
dbms_output.put_line('平均成绩>75');
else
dbms_output.put_line('平均成绩<75');
end if;
end;
IF in_workcode IS NOT NULL
THEN
if(instr(custom_no, ',') = 0) then
custom_no := ''''|| custom_no || '''';
else
custom_no := REPLACE(custom_no, ',', ''''||','||'''');
custom_no := ''''|| custom_no ||'''';
end if;
conditionstr := conditionstr||' AND a.staffid in ('|| custom_no ||')';
END IF;
任何一句话后面都要加上逗号,否则报错,输出用DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(要输出的变量);,赋值用“:=”
二、oracle的截取字符串方法 substr(‘要截取的字符串’,‘从第几个位置开始截取’, ‘截取多少位’)
substr('This is a test', 6, 2) would return 'is'
substr('This is a test', 6) would return 'is a test'
substr('TechOnTheNet', 1, 4) would return 'Tech'
substr('TechOnTheNet', -3, 3) would return 'Net'
substr('TechOnTheNet', -6, 3) would return 'The'
substr('TechOnTheNet', -8, 2) would return 'On'
三、oracle没有charindex函数,但是有类似的函数 INSTR("字符串", "搜索的字符"),如果找不到返回0!找到返回第一次出现的位置!这里有点和sqlserver中不同的是,sqlserver中的charindex("搜索的字符","字符串" )顺序不同!
INSTR('1,2,3,', ',') 返回的位置 2
INSTR('CORPORATE FLOOR','OR', 3, 2)中,源字符串为'CORPORATE FLOOR', 目标字符串为'OR',起始位置为3,取第2个匹配项的位置。
默认查找顺序为从左到右。当起始位置为负数的时候,从右边开始查找。
所以SELECT INSTR('CORPORATE FLOOR', 'OR', -1, 1) "Instring" FROM DUAL的显示结果是
Instring
——————
14
四、oracle中的for循环 和 while循环的使用列子!
1、 for循环declare
i int := 0;
begin
for i in 0 .. 100 loop
dbms_output.put_line(i);
end loop;
end;
2、while循环
declare
ids int := 100;
begin
while (ids > 1) loop
ids := ids - 1;
dbms_output.put_line(ids);
end loop;
end;
DECLARE
IDS VARCHAR(8000);
A VARCHAR2(8);
BEGIN
IDS := '123,456,789';
IDS := IDS || ',';
WHILE (INSTR(IDS, ',') > 0 )
LOOP
A := SUBSTR(IDS, 0, INSTR(IDS, ',') - 1);
IDS := SUBSTR(IDS, INSTR(IDS, ',') + 1);
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(A);
END LOOP;
END ;
五、oracle得到一个字符串的长度,length(字符串),sqlserver是len(字符串)
六、oracle中如果不小心死锁了一张表的数据,怎么查看死锁和杀掉死锁
--查询死锁的表SELECT /*+ rule */ s.username,
decode(l.type,'TM','TABLE LOCK',
'TX','ROW LOCK',
NULL) LOCK_LEVEL,
o.owner,o.object_name,o.object_type,
s.sid,s.serial#,s.terminal,s.machine,s.program,s.osuser
FROM v$session s,v$lock l,dba_objects o
WHERE l.sid = s.sid
AND l.id1 = o.object_id(+)
AND s.username is NOT Null
--kill掉死锁的数据 alter system kill session '84,452'; ---84表示的sid列,452表示serial#列
alter system kill session 'sid,serial#';
24小时的形式显示出来要用HH24
select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-MM-dd HH24:mi:ss') from dual;
select to_date('2005-01-01 13:14:20','yyyy-MM-dd HH24:mi:ss') from dual;
to_date() function
1.日期格式参数 含义说明
D一周中的星期几
DAY天的名字,使用空格填充到9个字符
DD月中的第几天
DDD年中的第几天
DY天的简写名
IW ISO标准的年中的第几周
IYYY ISO标准的四位年份
YYYY四位年份
YYY,YY,Y年份的最后三位,两位,一位
HH小时,按12小时计
HH24小时,按24小时计
MI分
SS秒
MM月
Mon月份的简写
Month月份的全名
W该月的第几个星期
WW年中的第几个星期1.日期时间间隔操作
当前时间减去7分钟的时间
select sysdate,sysdate - interval '7' MINUTE from dual
当前时间减去7小时的时间
select sysdate - interval '7' hour from dual
当前时间减去7天的时间
select sysdate - interval '7' day from dual
当前时间减去7月的时间
select sysdate,sysdate - interval '7' month from dual
当前时间减去7年的时间
select sysdate,sysdate - interval '7' year from dual
时间间隔乘以一个数字
select sysdate,sysdate - 8 *interval '2' hour from dual
2.日期到字符操作
select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual
select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss') from dual
select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-ddd hh:mi:ss') from dual
select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm iw-d hh:mi:ss') from dual
参考oracle的相关关文档(ORACLE901DOC/SERVER.901/A90125/SQL_ELEMENTS4.HTM#48515)
3.字符到日期操作
select to_date('2003-10-17 21:15:37','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual
具体用法和上面的to_char差不多。
4. trunk/ ROUND函数的使用
select trunc(sysdate ,'YEAR') from dual
select trunc(sysdate ) from dual
select to_char(trunc(sysdate ,'YYYY'),'YYYY') from dual
5.oracle有毫秒级的数据类型
--返回当前时间 年月日小时分秒毫秒
select to_char(current_timestamp(5),'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SSxFF') from dual;
--返回当前 时间的秒毫秒,可以指定秒后面的精度(最大=9)
select to_char(current_timestamp(9),'MI:SSxFF') from dual;
6.计算程序运行的时间(ms)
declare
type rc is ref cursor;
l_rc rc;
l_dummy all_objects.object_name%type;
l_start number default dbms_utility.get_time;
begin
for I in 1 .. 1000
loop
open l_rc for
'select object_name from all_objects '||
'where object_id = ' || i;
fetch l_rc into l_dummy;
close l_rc;
end loop;
dbms_output.put_line
( round( (dbms_utility.get_time-l_start)/100, 2 ) ||
' seconds...' );
end;
to_char() function
The following are number examples for the to_char function.
to_char(1210.73, '9999.9')
would return '1210.7'
to_char(1210.73, '9,999.99')
would return '1,210.73'
to_char(1210.73, '$9,999.00')
would return '$1,210.73'
to_char(21, '000099')
would return '000021'
The following is a list of valid parameters when the to_char function is used to convert a date to a string. These parameters can be used in many combinations.
Parameter
Explanation
YEAR
Year, spelled out
YYYY
4-digit year
YYY
YY
Y
Last 3, 2, or 1 digit(s) of year.
IYY
IY
I
Last 3, 2, or 1 digit(s) of ISO year.
IYYY
4-digit year based on the ISO standard
Q
Quarter of year (1, 2, 3, 4; JAN-MAR = 1).
MM
Month (01-12; JAN = 01).
MON
Abbreviated name of month.
MONTH
Name of month, padded with blanks to length of 9 characters.
RM
Roman numeral month (I-XII; JAN = I).
WW
Week of year (1-53) where week 1 starts on the first day of the year and continues to the seventh day of the year.
W
Week of month (1-5) where week 1 starts on the first day of the month and ends on the seventh.
IW
Week of year (1-52 or 1-53) based on the ISO standard.
D
Day of week (1-7).
DAY
Name of day.
DD
Day of month (1-31).
DDD
Day of year (1-366).
DY
Abbreviated name of day.
J
Julian day; the number of days since January 1, 4712 BC.
HH
Hour of day (1-12).
HH12
Hour of day (1-12).
HH24
Hour of day (0-23).
MI
Minute (0-59).
SS
Second (0-59).
SSSSS
Seconds past midnight (0-86399).
FF
Fractional seconds.
The following are date examples for the to_char function.
to_char(sysdate, 'yyyy/mm/dd');
would return '2003/07/09'
to_char(sysdate, 'Month DD, YYYY');
would return 'July 09, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'FMMonth DD, YYYY');
would return 'July 9, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'MON DDth, YYYY');
would return 'JUL 09TH, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'FMMON DDth, YYYY');
would return 'JUL 9TH, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'FMMon ddth, YYYY');
would return 'Jul 9th, 2003'
You will notice that in some examples, the format_mask parameter begins with "FM". This means that zeros and blanks are suppressed. This can be seen in the examples below.
to_char(sysdate, 'FMMonth DD, YYYY');
would return 'July 9, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'FMMON DDth, YYYY');
would return 'JUL 9TH, 2003'
to_char(sysdate, 'FMMon ddth, YYYY');
would return 'Jul 9th, 2003'
The zeros have been suppressed so that the day component shows as "9" as opposed to "09".
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